|
|
|
|
|
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the combination of a unique identification technology and radio frequency based communication technology, which automatically identifies unique items using radio waves. Objects are identified by a tag that comprises of a microchip that stores a unique serial number identifying the product. It transmits this information via an antenna. Radio waves returned from RFID tags are picked up by a reader and converted to computer-compatible data making the data particularly to be utilized via information technology systems. RFID is used primarily to track assets through the supply chain. At close range, RFID tags are read through “inductive coupling” by a coiled antenna within the reader, which creates a magnetic field with the antenna in the tag. The energy generated enables the tags to send waves back to the reader, which first converts them to digital information, then transmits this data to RFID system middleware, which corroborates the unique information stored on the tag with information about the tagged product. The middleware, in turn, processes the received information and filters data to the company’s supply-chain execution software, which updates inventory data. Battery-powered active RFID tags are used to track assets over long ranges like 100 feet or more, passive RFID tags have a range of under three meters while semi-passive tags use read-write and read-only micro-chips and are used to track high-value goods. Presently there is no universal set of global frequencies that RFID tags and readers operate at. However, the 13.6 MHz band is common. In general, RFID tags operate at low-frequency, high-frequency, ultra high-frequency, or microwave levels. What are the benefits of RFID? Though similar to barcode technology, RFID is powerful because it provides a unique identifying serial number to each and every item, unlike bar codes that typically have a unique number for a set of similar items. RFID offers high data capacity to store a lot more information that could be unique to a particular item in a particular process i.e. it can maintain unique state that is attributed to a particular unique item. RFID readers are able to simultaneously scan (read and write) multiple tags and can do so without requiring physical contact or a line of sight between the tags and the reader. RFID can track items in real time with greater visibility as they move through the supply chain, making economical and efficient solutions possible. Additionally, RFID tags can withstand harsh conditions, unlike bar codes that require cleanliness and clear optics. A variety of applications ranging from item tracking and automatic data collection to logistics and ticketing make it one of the most versatile and practical technologies in the world today. |